<h3>Mona Lisa, c. 1503–1506</h3>
<p>The “Mona Lisa” is among the most celebrated paintings in the world and represents a pinnacle of the Italian High Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci is believed to have begun the portrait around 1503 in Florence, reworking it over many years. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Leonardo did not regard portraiture as a mere likeness, but as a synthesis of close observation of nature, scientific inquiry, and painterly mastery.</p>
<p>Particularly characteristic is his perfected use of the <strong>sfumato technique</strong>, in which the subtlest transitions between light and shadow replace hard contours. This gives the face, hands, and gaze an extraordinary sense of vitality. The sitter is now generally identified as <strong>Lisa del Giocondo</strong>. Behind her unfolds a mysterious landscape of rivers, rocks, and winding paths, whose perspective is deliberately detached from strict naturalism. The enigmatic smile and harmonious composition continue to make the “Mona Lisa” one of the most discussed and influential works in the history of European art.</p>
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